{"id":214,"date":"2025-11-13T07:21:18","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T07:21:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/creative-den.com\/projects\/duggallegal\/?page_id=214"},"modified":"2025-11-15T12:24:06","modified_gmt":"2025-11-15T12:24:06","slug":"other-domain-areas","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/duggallegal.in\/index.php\/other-domain-areas\/","title":{"rendered":"Other Domain Areas"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_section full_width=”stretch_row” css=”.vc_custom_1762759281825{background-color: #fcf7f0 !important;}” mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″][vc_row woodmart_bg_position=”center-center” css=”.vc_custom_1763209443489{background-image: url(https:\/\/duggallegal.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/practice-bg-1.png?id=39) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}” mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″][vc_column][vc_separator color=”custom” align=”align_left” border_width=”2″ el_width=”10″ accent_color=”#8c6f46″]\n\t\t

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INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LITIGATION AND REGISTRATION<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/3″]\t\t\t
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Trademark Law<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
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TRADEMARK, FILINGS, RENEWALS, OPPOSITIONS, RECTIFICATION PROCEEDINGS AND SEARCHES, REPRESENTATION BEFORE THE TRADEMARK REGISTRY AND IP APPELLATE FORUMS.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″]\t\t\t

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Patent Law<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
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DRAFTING SPECIFICATIONS, FILING PATENT APPLICATIONS WITH THE PATENT OFFICE, HANDLE PROSECUTION, OPPOSITIONS, RENEWALS OF PATENTS PERIODICALLY.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″]\t\t\t

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Copyright Law<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
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COPYRIGHT REGISTRATION, DOCUMENTATION, AND COMPLIANCE ACROSS LITERARY, ARTISTIC, MUSICAL, AND DIGITAL WORKS, HANDLE INFRINGEMENT ACTIONS, ENFORCEMENT MEASURES, AND REPRESENTATION BEFORE AUTHORITIES AND COURTS.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/3″]\t\t\t

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Design Law<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
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DESIGN REGISTRATIONS, RENEWALS, AND COMPLIANCE WITH THE DESIGNS ACT AND RELATED RULES, PREPARE DOCUMENTATION, AND MANAGE PROSECUTION BEFORE THE DESIGN OFFICE.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″]\t\t\t

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Cyber Law<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
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HANDLES CASES INVOLVING ONLINE FRAUD, DATA BREACHES, CYBER HARASSMENT, AND MISUSE OF DIGITAL PLATFORMS. REPRESENT BEFORE COURTS IN MATTERS RELATING TO CYBER OFFENCES AND DIGITAL EVIDENCE.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″]\t\t\t

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Brand Protection<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
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END-TO-END BRAND PROTECTION SERVICES, INCLUDING SAFEGUARDING TRADEMARKS, COPYRIGHTS, DESIGNS, AND DIGITAL ASSETS. MONITOR, ENFORCE, AND ACT AGAINST BRAND MISUSE, COUNTERFEITING, AND INFRINGEMENT ACROSS ONLINE AND OFFLINE PLATFORMS.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][\/vc_section][vc_section full_width=”stretch_row” css=”.vc_custom_1763119802329{background-color: #fcf7f0 !important;}” mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″][vc_row][vc_column]\n\t\t

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REGISTRATION AND DOCUMENTATION SERVICES<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/3″]\t\t\t
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Property Registration<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Sale Deed, Gift Deed, Conveyance Deed, Lease Deed, Mortgage Deed, Release\/Relinquishment Deed.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″]\t\t\t

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Agreement Registration<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Agreement to Sell, Builder\u2013Buyer Agreements, Development Agreements, Collaboration Agreements.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″]\t\t\t

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Power of Attorney Registration<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
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General Power of Attorney (GPA), Special Power of Attorney (SPA), Attorney Revocations.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/3″]\t\t\t

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Assistance for HSVP (Huda) Works<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Death Transfer Permissions \/ Sale Permissions<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″]\t\t\t

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Assistance for DDA Works<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Freehold conversion of DDA & DSIIDC Factory Properties, Deed Registration, Mutation, and all related property documentation and compliance processes<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″]\t\t\t

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Will Registration<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Registration of Wills, Codicils, and related testamentary documents.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/3″]\t\t\t

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Partition & Family Settlement<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Deeds Family Settlement, Partition Deeds, and Mutual Agreements.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″]\t\t\t

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Marriage Registration<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Registration of Trusts & Societies Documents<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Trust Deed, NGO\/Society-related deeds, amendments.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/3″]\t\t\t

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Adoption Deed Registration<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
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Legal adoption-related documents and declarations.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″]\t\t\t

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Mutation-Related Works<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Applications for mutation, correction of records, and entries in revenue records.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″]\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

Affidavits & Notarized Documents<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Sworn statements, undertakings, declarations (submitted\/transacted at Tehsil level).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][\/vc_section][vc_row disable_element=”yes” mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″][vc_column]\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t

Patents<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t

Patents Rights and Laws in India<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t[vc_column_text text_larger=”no”]Innovation plays a key role in the economic development of any nation. In recent years, there has been an increase in IPR awareness as well as in the perception to protect one\u2019s innovation in India. This increased awareness has consequently led to a gradual rise in the number of patent applications being filed in India. According to numbers as indicated in the Intellectual Property Annual Report 2018-19, patent filing in India has increased by 5.1% from 2016-17 to 2017-18.<\/p>\n

The Chief Administrator of the patent system in India is the office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks (\u2018CGPDTM\u2019) functioning under the aegis of the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (\u2018DIPP\u2019), Ministry of Commerce and Industry. The Indian Patent Law is primarily governed by the Patent Act, 1970 which was further amended in the year 2005 and the newly amended Patent Amendment Rules, 2019.<\/p>\n

The term patent as defined under the Indian Patent Act 1970, means a patent for any new invention, granted for a new product or process, involving an inventive step and capable of industrial application.<\/p>\n

In simple words, Patents can be understood as \u2018an exclusive statutory right for an invention granted for a limited period of time to the patentee by the Government, in exchange for full disclosure of his invention\u2019. Patents are a type of statutory rights that give a monopoly to exclude others, from making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the patented product or process for producing that product for the aforementioned purposes without the consent of the patentee.<\/p>\n

The invention is also defined under Section 2(1)(j) of the Indian Patents Act 1970 as \u2018 a new product or process involving an inventive step and capable of industrial application\u2019.<\/p>\n

In order to be a patentable subject matter, the invention is required to meet the following patentability criteria:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • It should be novel.<\/li>\n
  • It should have inventive step or it must be non-obvious<\/li>\n
  • It should be capable of Industrial application.<\/li>\n
  • It should not fall within the provisions of sections 3 and 4 of the Patents Act 1970.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    An inventive step<\/strong> as defined under the act means a feature of an invention that involves technical advancement as compared to the existing knowledge or having economic significance or both, which is not obvious to a person skilled in the art.<\/p>\n

    A new invention<\/strong> as defined under the act means any invention or technology which has not been anticipated by publication in any document or used in the country or elsewhere in the world before the date of filing of patent application with complete specification, i.e., the subject matter has not fallen in public domain or that it does not form part of the state of the art.[\/vc_column_text]\n\t\t

    \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t

    What is industrial applicability?<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t[vc_column_text text_larger=”no”]In relation to an invention, industrial applicability means that the subject matter of the invention must be capable of being made or used in any kind of industry. Industry in this connection is understood not in the legal or economic meaning but in the primary signification of action or enterprise of fashioning and utilizing nature and matter for the production of goods or of technical results. Thus industry means any kind of activity including agriculture.[\/vc_column_text]\n\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t

    Non-Patentable Inventions- India<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t[vc_column_text text_larger=”no”]Sections 3 and 4 of the Patents Act 1970 specify the inventions that are not patentable in India. These are:<\/p>\n
      \n
    • An invention that is frivolous, or which claims anything obviously contrary to well-established natural laws;<\/li>\n
    • An invention the primary or intended use or commercial exploitation of which could be contrary to public order or morality or which causes serious prejudice to human, animal or plant life or health or to the environment;<\/li>\n
    • The mere discovery of a scientific principle or the formulation of an abstract theory or discovery of any living thing or non-living substance occurring in nature;<\/li>\n
    • The mere discovery of a new form of a known substance which does not result in the enhancement of the known efficacy of that substance or the mere discovery of any new property or new use for a known substance or of the mere use of a known process, machine or apparatus unless such known process results in a new product or employs at least one new reactant. For the purposes of this clause, salts, esters, ethers, polymorphs, metabolites, pure form, particle size, isomers, mixtures of isomers, complexes, combinations and other derivatives of known substance shall be considered to be the same substance, unless they differ significantly in properties with regard to efficacy;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \n
      • A substance obtained by a mere admixture resulting only in the aggregation of the properties of the components thereof or a process for producing such substance;<\/li>\n
      • The mere arrangement or re-arrangement or duplication of known devices each functioning independently of one another in a known way;<\/li>\n
      • A method of agriculture or horticulture;<\/li>\n
      • Any process for the medicinal, surgical, curative, prophylactic diagnostic, therapeutic or other treatment of human beings or any process for a similar treatment of animals to render them free of disease or to increase their economic value or that of their products.<\/li>\n
      • Plants and animals in whole or any part thereof other than micro\u00ad organisms but including seeds, varieties and species and essentially biological processes for production or propagation of plants and animals;<\/li>\n
      • A mathematical or business method or a computer program\u00a0per se\u00a0or algorithms;<\/li>\n
      • A literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work or any other aesthetic creation whatsoever including cinematographic works and television productions;<\/li>\n
      • A mere scheme or rule or method of performing a mental act or method of playing the game;<\/li>\n
      • A presentation of information;<\/li>\n
      • Topography of integrated circuits;<\/li>\n
      • An invention which in effect, is traditional knowledge or which is an aggregation or duplication of known properties of a traditionally known components or components<\/li>\n
      • An invention relating to atomic energy falling within sub-section (1) of section 20 of the Atomic Energy Act, 1962<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        The Indian laws and rules are continuously being revamped to incorporate provisions that encourage innovation, particularly by Startups, MSMEs, and female entrepreneurs, thereby making the Patenting regime in India conducive and favorable for innovators.<\/p>\n

        In a nutshell, a patent is an exclusive statutory right granted by the state for an invention that is new, involves an inventive step, and is capable of industrial application. A Patent owner is given an exclusive right to prevent others from making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing a process or product(s) in respect of which the patent has been granted.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” disable_element=”yes” css=”.vc_custom_1763119774650{background-color: #fcf7f0 !important;}” mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″][vc_column]\n\t\t

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        Trademarks<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t

        Trademarks in India<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t[vc_column_text text_larger=”no”]Trademark and brand names play a very crucial role, as they act as a source of identity for any entity. With increased IPR awareness entities are aggressively protecting their trademarks in India and globally. Trademark landscape in India is also nurturing day by day and entities and individuals in the quest to protect their trademark, brand names, logos etc from being copied are leaving no stone unturned to protect their goods from being copied.<\/p>\n

        A trademark in India is defined under Section 2 (1) (zb) of the Trademark Act, 1999. It is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual or an organization and is applied to the articles of commerce so as to identify the products of one trader from those of another.[\/vc_column_text]\n\t\t

        \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
        \n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t

        Origin and Evolution of Trademark Law in India:<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t[vc_column_text text_larger=”no”]The origin of Trademark Law in India can be traced back prior to 1940 there was no statutory law relating to Trademarks in India. When common law principles of equity and passing off were administered for the protection of trademarks. In view of the lack of any specific legislation dealing with the nuances of infringement and passing off of trademarks, the Trademark Act of 1940 was enacted for the first time in India, providing a missionary of the registration and statutory protection for the Trademarks in India.<\/strong> The statutory provisions in the Trademark Law substantially corresponded with the English Laws and precedents.<\/p>\n

        Thereafter, considering the augmentation in trade and commerce, a need was felt by the Legislature for robust proprietary laws and accordingly the legislation was replaced. Accordingly the Trademarks Act, 1940 was substituted & replaced by the \u00a0Trade &\u00a0Merchandise\u00a0Marks Act, 1958 <\/strong>and the Trade &\u00a0Merchandise\u00a0Marks Rules, 1959<\/strong> was also framed. The 1958 Act & Rules 1959 was passed thereto with the objective of extending better protection to trademarks and it also consolidated provisions relating to trademarks in other Statutes like the Indian Penal Code, Criminal Procedure Code, and the Sea Customs Act.<\/p>\n

        In order to conform to the requirements of Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS)<\/strong> and in view of enhanced globalization of trade and technology, the Trademark Act, 1999 & Trademark Rules, 2002 were framed, which came into effect on September 15, 2003. The Trademark Act, 1999<\/strong> inter alia aims at providing for the registration of service trademarks and collective trademarks, enhanced protection to marks categorized as well- known marks, and the constitution of the Intellectual Property Appellate Board (IPAB) for speedy disposal of appeals and rectification applications.<\/p>\n

        Thereafter in the year 2010 the Trademark Act, 1999 was amended vide the Trade Marks (Amendment) Act, 2010<\/strong>. Through the Trademark (Amendment) Act, 2010, the Legislature incorporated Chapter VI in the Act which embodies Special Provisions Relating to Protection of Trademarks through International Registration under the Madrid Protocol. Thus, the Indian Trademark Law covers national as well as international trademark registrations within its purview.<\/p>\n

        A trademark performs the following functions:<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Renders an exclusive right on the owner of the mark to use the trademark to identify good produced or services rendered by it;<\/li>\n
        • Prevents others from making fraudulent use of the mark;<\/li>\n
        • A trademark owner can commence legal proceedings of trademark infringement for preventing unauthorized use of his registered mark by a third party;<\/li>\n
        • An unregistered trademark can be protected under the common law principle of passing off;<\/li>\n
        • Prevents unfair competitors from the usage of similar or deceptively similar marks;<\/li>\n
        • Protects the skill and intellect of any company<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          Currently, the Trademark law in India is primarily governed by the Trademark Act, 1999 and the Trademark Rules of 2017 framed under the Act. The Act and Rules enumerate the procedural aspects of trademark filing, examination, publication, opposition, registration, renewal, rectification and removal of a trademark. Similar to Patents, the Chief Administrator of the trademark system in India is the office of the Controller General of Patents, Designs and Trademarks (\u2018CGPDTM\u2019) functioning under the aegis of the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (\u2018DIPP\u2019), Ministry of Commerce and Industry.<\/p>\n

          The whole process of successful registration of a trademark involves several stages- right from trademark search to trademark registration and further renewal. Each stage involves fulfillment of procedural requirements and documentation.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row disable_element=”yes” mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″][vc_column]\n\t\t

          \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t

          Designs<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t

          Design Law in India<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t[vc_column_text text_larger=”no”]Design is a feature of shape, configuration, pattern, ornament or composition of lines or colors applied to any article whether in two dimensional or three dimensional or in both forms, by any industrial process or means, whether manual, mechanical or chemical, separate or combined, which in the finished article appeal to and are judged solely by the eye; but does not include any mode or principle of construction or anything which in substance a mere mechanical device, and does not include any trade mark, property mark or artistic work.<\/p>\n

          Design right is a territorial statutory right (enforceable only upon registration of said design), which allows the proprietor to prevent others from producing, importing, selling or distributing products having an identical appearance or a fraudulent or obvious imitation.<\/p>\n

          The Indian Intellectual Property Office (IPO) is the primary office, which comprises of the Trade Marks Registry, The Patent Office, and The Designs Office in India. The Designs Office has its head office at Kolkata and the other Branches of the Patent Office only function to accept design applications but all technical examination is conducted at the Kolkata Office.<\/p>\n

          The filing, prosecution and registration of Industrial Designs in India is governed by the Design Act, 2000 and corresponding Rules- Design Rules, 2001. Any person or his legal representative or assignee can apply for registration of design. On registration the registered proprietor acquires statutory rights over the registered design and can protect the design against infringement from a third party.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row full_width=”stretch_row” disable_element=”yes” css=”.vc_custom_1763119784900{background-color: #fcf7f0 !important;}” mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” row_reverse_mobile=”0″ row_reverse_tablet=”0″ woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″][vc_column]\n\t\t

          \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t

          Copyright<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t
          \n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t

          Understanding Copyright laws in India<\/h4>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t[vc_column_text text_larger=”no”]Under the Copyright law in India<\/strong>, copyright subsists in all original published or unpublished literary, artistic, dramatic works etc. It is essentially a bundle of rights including but not limited to rights of reproduction, communication to the public, adaptation and translation of the work. Slight variations in the composition of the rights are possible depending upon the kind of work and its ownership, authorship and licensing. Copyright comes into existence as soon as a work is created, i.e., expressed in a tangible form, and no formality is required to be completed for acquiring protection. However, it is advisable to apply for registration of Copyright in India<\/strong> for its evidentiary value.<\/p>\n

          The Copyright Law in India came into existence under the legislation of 1914 this legislation was modelled after the Copyright Laws of the United Kingdom, the Copyright Act, 1911. The copyright laws in effect currently in India have grown and adapted overtime to be compliant to most of the international treaties and conventions that govern the field of Copyrights. The current functions in the field of opyright in India are governed by the Copyright Act, 1957 with amendments in the years 1983, 1984, 1992, 1994, 1999, and 2012 along with the Copyright Rules, 2013.<\/p>\n

          The Copyright Amendment Act of 2012 is considered a major amendment as it brought with it some essential modifications for a more seamless operation of the Copyright Laws<\/strong>. The salient features of the amendment is as follows:<\/p>\n

            \n
          • The 2012 Amendment has incorporated the definition of the term \u2018commercial rental<\/em>\u2018 under section 2(fa).<\/li>\n
          • The term \u2018hire<\/em>\u2019 in Section 14 which made it fall in consonance with the provisions of Article 11 of TRIPS Agreement, Article 7 of WCT and Article 9 of WPPT which provide for \u2018commercial rental<\/em>\u2019 rights for computer programmes and cinematograph films, was replaced by the term \u2018commercial rental<\/em>\u2019 itself by the Amendment.<\/li>\n
          • The term \u2018storing<\/em>\u2019 has been incorporated under various Sections most notably under Section 14 which adds the recognition of the exclusive right of storing the work created in any medium by electronic or other means.<\/li>\n
          • The duration of copyright protection of a photograph has been put at par with that of a literary work, i.e. the lifetime of the author until sixty years from the beginning of the calendar year next following the year in which the author dies.<\/li>\n
          • The 2012 Amendments, Sections 52(l)(zb) and 31B were inserted which stipulate exceptions and limitations for persons with disabilities, hence are referred to as special provisions for persons with
            \ndisabilities.<\/li>\n
          • The Amendment also clarifies who the first owner is in respect of a work incorporated in a cinematograph film under the Amendments to Section 17.<\/li>\n
          • The Amendments also have added provisos under Section 18 of the Copyright Act which aim at providing certain safety measures to the author from any future modes of exploitation which may arise by way of
            \ntechnological advancements and which were not contemplated at the time of assignment.<\/li>\n
          • The Amendment has also provided for the option of relinquishment of rights under section 21. The author of a work can relinquish all or any of the rights in the copyright pf a protected work through a simple public notice.<\/li>\n
          • The Amendment changed the procedure for licensing under Section 30 and requires the license only to be made in writing.<\/li>\n
          • The Amendment made the provisions of compulsory licensing apply to international works as well, under Section 31.<\/li>\n
          • \u00a0The Amendment also incorporated the statutory licensing provisions under Section 31C and Section 31D.<\/li>\n
          • The Amendment has also extended the fair dealing provisions under Section 52 covering all works (sans computer programme), including sound recordings and video recordings.<\/li>\n
          • The Amendments also brought in various changes for the registration and functioning of Copyright Societies under Chapter VII of the Copyright Act, 1957.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            India is a member of the Berne Convention of 1886 (as modified in Paris 1971) as well as the Universal Copyright Convention of 1951. As recent as 2018, India has also given it acceded to the WIPO Internet Treaties, i.e. the WIOP Copyright Treaty, 1986 (WCT) and the WIPO Performance and Phonogram Treaty, 1996 (WPPT). These treaties are together called the WIPO Internet Treaties owing to the emphasis they put on the protection of rights in the digital environment.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            [vc_section full_width=”stretch_row” css=”.vc_custom_1762759281825{background-color: #fcf7f0 !important;}” mobile_bg_img_hidden=”no” tablet_bg_img_hidden=”no” woodmart_parallax=”0″ woodmart_gradient_switch=”no” woodmart_disable_overflow=”0″][vc_row woodmart_bg_position=”center-center” css=”.vc_custom_1763209443489{background-image: url(https:\/\/duggallegal.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/practice-bg-1.png?id=39) !important;background-position: center !important;background-repeat: no-repeat !important;background-size: cover !important;}”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-214","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/duggallegal.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/214","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/duggallegal.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/duggallegal.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duggallegal.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/duggallegal.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=214"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/duggallegal.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/214\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":315,"href":"https:\/\/duggallegal.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/214\/revisions\/315"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/duggallegal.in\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=214"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}